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2018年8月22日 中国娱乐圈最近有点人人自危。“大家都行事比较谨慎,”一位业内人士向记者表示。 先是前央视主持人崔永元曝光演艺圈“阴阳合同”避税之法,知名女星范冰冰受到牵连,至今已近两个月未在公众面前露面,后有范的山东同乡、著名演员黄晓明由于“理财疏忽”卷入18亿股价操纵案,再加上年初演员赵薇因股票收购案被罚5年禁入证券市场,明星们的财富不仅引来了监管部门的关注,也点燃了全社会的讨论。 黄晓明、范冰冰、赵薇,还有许多影视明星,他们是艺人,也是商人。作为荧幕上的明星,他们拥有万千粉丝的喜爱,身价也因此水涨船高。同时凭借近十年中国影视产业蓬勃发展的东风,他们以普通人不敢想象的速度实现财富积累,跻身高资产人士行列。 不过突然之间,当高调暴富的明星们与逃税、操纵股价联系在一起,他们便从被消费、艳羡的对象,成了人人喊打的众矢之的。但为什么明星的钱接二连三出现问题?又为何明星会成为舆论的目标? 18亿股价操纵案 8月10日,中国证监会的一场新闻发布会之后,黄晓明的名字开始与股价操纵联系在一起。当天证监会披露的一起案件中,一位名叫高勇的人士通过实际控制好雨7-路某、黄某明等16个证券账户(以下称账户组)操纵“精华制药”股价,获利近9亿元人民币。而后有媒体报道,证监会口中的“黄某明”即演员黄晓明。 证监会文件显示,2015年1月至6月,高勇账户组连续交易购入“精华制药”股份,并集中资金优势、以连续涨停方式拉抬其股价后,再集中、大量出售手中股份,实现操纵获利,共获利8.97亿余元。证监会决定,没收高勇以上违法所得收入,同时处以相同金额罚款,共计17.94亿元。 在精华制药2015年半年报中,黄晓明持股143.66万股,为该公司第九大流通股东。中国《财经》杂志按照2015年1月12日至6月30日其每股最低价21.88元计算得出,在此期间黄晓明所持股份入场资金额为3143.28万元。 证监会指,黄晓明不是此案违法嫌疑人当事人。黄晓明账户开立后由其母亲管理使用,而经路某介绍,黄母将黄晓明账户部分委托高勇管理,其账户涉案交易由高勇作出。 黄晓明为此两度发表声明。8月11日黄晓明工作室表示,黄晓明不认识高勇,未参与过任何操纵股票行为。8月15日凌晨,黄晓明在本人微博刊登声明称,黄晓明只是委托路某理财,其本人与母亲没有参与操纵股票,这次事件是由“理财不谨慎”导致,将从中吸取教训。 娱乐圈人心惶惶 近来娱乐圈多次因为“钱”惹上麻烦。今年4月,因主导杠杆率过高的股份收购案,凭借《还珠格格》里的“小燕子”一角走红的赵薇及其丈夫黄有龙被证监会处以5年内禁入资本市场处罚,几个月后大陆明星们又因“阴阳合同”而人心惶惶。 今年5月29日,前央视主持人崔永元在微博表示,某演员演一部戏签一大一小两份合同,小合同合约千万,是“不怕曝光”的“阳合同”,大合同则为五千万的“阴合同”,而这位演员只用按一千万的合约报税。崔永元称,“阴阳合同”在娱乐圈不是秘密,但“没人敢说”。 崔曝光后,不少人猜测其所指电影为冯小刚新作《手机2》,相关演员为范冰冰。尽管崔永元事后表示该演员并非范冰冰,但范冰冰微博自6月2日以来不再更新,本人也自7月2日后再未公开露面。 中国也开始从各个环节对明星片酬进行“整治”。今年6月,中宣部等五部门下发通知,要求对影视行业天价片酬、“阴阳合同”、偷逃税等问题进行治理;7月13日,中国国家税务总局也对各级税务机关提出要求,加强对影视行业的税源管理,影视企业及从业人员需要如实上报并缴纳税款;8月11日,腾讯视频等三大播放平台联合六大制片公司发表声明,共同抑制演员“天价片酬”,称今后“单个演员的单集片酬(含税)不得超过100万元人民币”、“单个演员的总片酬(含税)最高不超过5000万元人民币”。 一时之间,光鲜亮丽、纸醉金迷的内地演艺圈低调了不少。 与资本结合的明星光环 黄晓明、范冰冰与赵薇三人的结果不尽相同。证监会认定,黄晓明不是违法嫌疑人;范冰冰虽从公众眼前消失,但也没有任何部门对其责任有明确表态;而赵薇夫妇被证监会处以罚款30万元,同时禁入资本市场5年。 知名艺人拥有巨额财富本不是新鲜事。今年以前,范冰冰已经连续五年蝉联福布斯“中国名人榜”收入冠军,去年收入近3亿元人民币;与夫人杨颖(Angelababy)一道,黄晓明也多次在名人收入榜榜上有名,同时还投资超过40家企业;而赵薇就更不用说,有“女版巴菲特”之称的她不仅在股市屡屡得意,还在北京、上海、香港、新加坡等地配有不动产。 北京大学汇丰商学院英国校区主任刘芍佳教授认为,从最近一系列事件看来,中国出现了由权贵和资本的组合衍生到明星与资本结合的新现象。刘教授称,由于明星有独特的社会人脉资源及影响力,与明星结合可以为资本增值提供捷径,“不仅增加了资本的知名度,也为资本扩张提供了机会,”刘芍佳说。 独立学者吴强对BBC中文表示,演艺界明星的巨大名利收入反映出,过去十几年中国影视产业有泡沫化现象,而在近几年金融整顿和去杠杆的背景下,影视业的泡沫开始显现。 对资本来说,明星光环是双刃剑。名人的广告效应可以为资本增长提速,而一旦遇到问题,也会将负面效应迅速放大。“阴阳合同”让公众感受到税收制度的漏洞,赵薇股价收购案和“精华制药”股价案则让一众股民成了被大户收割的“韭菜”——大户坐收渔利,散户损失惨重。 因此,他们遭受的攻击也便更猛烈。 当明星成为众矢之的 范冰冰微博账户上,置顶的是6月2日转发由她发起的“爱里的心”公益项目有关内容。这条帖文下,评论有褒有贬,点赞最高的回复为“支持崔永元!!!”。 “一个人道德都没有,做公益就像在演戏了,”还有网友写道。而在赵薇和黄晓明的微博下,与财富丑闻相关的负面评价也很常见。 也有声音认为,中国多方面制度不完善,公民的权利与义务不对等,明星利用漏洞难免属“人之常情”。但与对明星的批评相比,公众对权力、机制的质疑声音显得很弱。 吴强认为,明星的丑闻很可能被利用为转移视线的“靶子”。“(这样)能够缓解公众情绪,缓解对各个部门不满,对时局、财富不公等任何不满,这是一个惯用的手法,”他表示。 在舆论压力下,无论是黄晓明的声明,还是范冰冰的低调沉默,似乎都不能为他们进行有力辩驳。吴强指,这与明星成为公众娱乐化的对象有关。 长时间以来,中国相当一批演艺人员迎合市场、资本,同时迎合主旋律,吴强将这种现象称为“媚俗”(Kitsch)。当迎合市场为赵薇、范冰冰、黄晓明们带来财富的同时,他们也成了这种“媚俗主义”的牺牲品。“他们被公众当做笑话看,也没有能力用这套他们惯常讨好市场的媚俗的话语为自己辩论,”他表示。 而刘芍佳认为,在明星财务问题上,公众对绯闻的关注盖过了问题本质,这与媒体追逐明星带来的流量分不开。“媒体的作用应该是去集中挖掘有什么问题,问题的根源又在哪里,”他表示。 吴强对此还有另外一种看法。“公众大多数还是对资本的批判总体是缺乏整体清晰地认识。他们只能是从市场经济,从股票市场来给给他们自己定位,给黄晓明范冰冰定位,”他说。“从政府角度来说,市场经济就是最有效、廉价的社会控制,他可以让公众的思维局限在市场经济里面被操纵,可以让公众相信,市场才是他们宿命的决定者,并不是党国在操控。” ncG1vNJzZmivp6x7o67CZ5qopV%2BvtbC6xrCcp2ejnrqxe8KhoKedo5p6r7HWrGRtbWJpgHR%2Blw%3D%3D

Are chains required on i5 in Oregon?

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